Social Democracy
Social democracy accepts a market economy and parliamentary government but uses the state to reduce inequality and insecurity. Its tools include progressive taxation, a broad welfare state, strong labour unions and public services such as health care and education.
How close are you? Take the test →Position on the 12 axes
Typically builds national welfare systems, while many parties also support regional and municipal self-government.
Committed to parliamentary democracy and gradual reform through elections rather than revolution.
Defends civil liberties but accepts regulation and policing in the name of social protection.
Generally supports international cooperation, European integration and multilateral institutions.
Favours diplomacy and collective security, while usually accepting national defence and alliances.
Mostly supports integration with equal rights, though some parties take a firmer line on immigration levels.
Seeks substantial redistribution and public services but keeps private ownership of most enterprises.
Regulates markets heavily and manages demand, without central planning of production.
Supports open trade in principle while pressing for labour and social standards in agreements.
Largely secular in policy, though historically tolerant of religious participation in politics.
Supports social reforms on gender, minority rights and welfare, at a measured pace.
Welcomes technological progress if its gains are shared and workers are protected from disruption.