Credits

Questions

The 12-axis model and the original statements come from the12axes test, © 2020 8values (SapplyValues), released under the MIT License. Many statements have been edited or rewritten.

Portraits

All portraits come from Wikimedia Commons and are public domain or freely licensed, cropped to a square.

• Abraham Lincoln — Alexander Gardner, Public domain (source)
• Adam Smith — Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain (source)
• Adolf Hitler — Heinrich Hoffmann, CC BY-SA 3.0 de (source)
• Albert Einstein — Oren Jack Turner, Public domain (source)
• Aldous Huxley — sinaloaarchivohistorico, No restrictions (source)
• Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn — Bert Verhoeff for Anefo, CC0 (source)
• Alexander Hamilton — John Trumbull / Giuseppe Ceracchi, Public domain (source)
• Alexis de Tocqueville — Théodore Chassériau, Public domain (source)
• Andrei Sakharov — Vladimir Fedorenko / Владимир Федоренко, CC BY-SA 3.0 (source)
• Antonio Gramsci — Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain (source)
• Anwar Sadat — Government, Public domain (source)
• Aristotle — After Lysippos, Public domain (source)
• Augusto Pinochet — Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Chile, CC BY 2.0 cl (source)
• Ayn Rand — Photo portrait credited to "Talbot" (though not on original dust jacket). Published by the Bobbs-Merrill Company., Public domain (source)
• Benito Mussolini — Unknown, Public domain (source)
• Benjamin Disraeli — Cornelius Jabez Hughes, Public domain (source)
• Bertrand Russell — Bassano Ltd, Public domain (source)
• Carl Schmitt — ABC, Public domain (source)
• Charles de Gaulle — Office of War Information, Overseas Picture Division. [1] The image prefix (LC-USW3) at the Library of Congress image page matches that of pictures from the OWI collection (see prefix list here., Public domain (source)
• Che Guevara — Alberto Korda, restored by Adam Cuerden, Public domain (source)
• Clement Attlee — Presumably Yousuf Karsh, Public domain (source)
• Desmond Tutu — Benny Gool, Public domain (source)
• Dwight D. Eisenhower — White House, Public domain (source)
• Edmund Burke — Unknown, Public domain (source)
• Emma Goldman — Takuma Kajiwara, Public domain (source)
• Fidel Castro — Unknown (Mondadori Publishers), Public domain (source)
• Francisco Franco — Unknown authorUnknown author, CC0 (source)
• François Mitterrand — Comet Photo AG (Zürich), CC BY-SA 4.0 (source)
• Franklin D. Roosevelt — Leon Perskie, CC BY 2.0 (source)
• Frederick Douglass — George Kendall Warren, Public domain (source)
• Friedrich Engels — William Hall (1826–ca. 1898) (cropped and sepia tone removed), Public domain (source)
• Friedrich Hayek — The original uploader was DickClarkMises at English Wikipedia., CC BY-SA 3.0 (source)
• Friedrich Nietzsche — Friedrich Hermann Hartmann, Public domain (source)
• G. K. Chesterton — Ernest Herbert Mills, Public domain (source)
• Gamal Abdel Nasser — Stevan Kragujević, CC BY-SA 3.0 (source)
• George Orwell — Branch of the National Union of Journalists (BNUJ)., Public domain (source)
• George Washington — Gilbert Stuart, Public domain (source)
• Giuseppe Garibaldi — Fratelli Alinari, Public domain (source)
• Golda Meir — Willem van de Poll, CC BY-SA 4.0 (source)
• Hannah Arendt — Barbara Niggl Radloff, CC BY-SA 4.0 (source)
• Helmut Kohl — Christian Lambiotte, CC BY 4.0 (source)
• Henry David Thoreau — Benjamin D. Maxham active 1848 - 1858, Public domain (source)
• Henry George — Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain (source)
• Ho Chi Minh — Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain (source)
• Hugo Chávez — Vicepresidencia de Venezuela, Public domain (source)
• Immanuel Kant — Johann Gottlieb Becker (1720-1782), Public domain (source)
• Indira Gandhi — Prime Minister's Office, GODL-India (source)
• Isaiah Berlin — Rob C. Croes (ANEFO), CC0 (source)
• Jawaharlal Nehru — Harry Pot, CC0 (source)
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau — Maurice Quentin de La Tour (Life time: 1788), Public domain (source)
• Jean-Paul Sartre — Unknown authorUnknown author, CC BY-SA 3.0 nl (source)
• Jeremy Bentham — Henry William Pickersgill, Public domain (source)
• Jimmy Carter — Department of Defense. Department of the Navy. Naval Photographic Center, Public domain (source)
• John F. Kennedy — Cecil W. Stoughton, Public domain (source)
• John Locke — Godfrey Kneller, Public domain (source)
• John Maynard Keynes — Unknown, dedicated to Bettmann Archive, Public domain (source)
• John Rawls — Published by the Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Photograph taken by Alec Rawls, John's son. The portrait was uncredited on the original dust jacket, but Alec is identified as its photographer on the copyright page of the 1994 German-language first edition of the book John Rawls by Thomas Pogge., Public domain (source)
• John Stuart Mill — London Stereoscopic Company, Public domain (source)
• Joseph de Maistre — Carl Christian Vogel von Vogelstein, Public domain (source)
• Joseph Stalin — Franklin D. Roosevelt Library Public Domain Photographs, Public domain (source)
• Josip Broz Tito — Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain (source)
• Juan Perón — Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain (source)
• Julius Evola — Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain (source)
• Julius Nyerere — Rob Mieremet / Anefo, CC0 (source)
• Karl Marx — John Jabez Edwin Mayall, Public domain (source)
• Karl Popper — Franz Barta, No restrictions (source)
• Kim Il-sung — Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain (source)
• Konrad Adenauer — Katherine Young (1906–1993), CC BY-SA 3.0 de (source)
• Kwame Nkrumah — The National Archives UK - Flickr account, OGL v1.0 (source)
• Lee Kuan Yew — White House Photographic Office. 1974-1977, Public domain (source)
• Leo Tolstoy — Sergei Prokudin-Gorskii, Public domain (source)
• Leon Trotsky — Rijksmuseum, CC0 (source)
• Ludwig von Mises — Ludwig von Mises Institute, CC BY-SA 3.0 (source)
• Lyndon B. Johnson — Arnold Newman, Public domain (source)
• Mahatma Gandhi — Elliott & Fry, Public domain (source)
• Malcolm X — Eddie Adams, Public domain (source)
• Margaret Thatcher — derivative work by Begoon, Copyrighted free use (source)
• Martin Luther King Jr. — Yoichi Okamoto, Public domain (source)
• Mary Wollstonecraft — John Opie, Public domain (source)
• Maximilien Robespierre — Unidentified painter, CC0 (source)
• Michel Foucault — Jerry Bauer, Public domain (source)
• Mikhail Bakunin — Nadar, Public domain (source)
• Mikhail Gorbachev — RIAN_archive_850809_General_Secretary_of_the_CPSU_CC_M._Gorbachev.jpg: Vladimir Vyatkin / Владимир Вяткин derivative work: Jbarta, CC BY-SA 3.0 (source)
• Milton Friedman — Bachrach Studios, Public domain (source)
• Montesquieu — After Jacques-Antoine Dassier, Public domain (source)
• Murray Bookchin — Debbie Bookchin, CC BY-SA 4.0 (source)
• Murray Rothbard — Ludwig von Mises Institute, CC BY 3.0 (source)
• Mustafa Kemal Atatürk — Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain (source)
• Napoleon Bonaparte — Jacques-Louis David, Public domain (source)
• Nelson Mandela — Kingkongphoto & www.celebrity-photos.com from Laurel, CC BY-SA 2.0 (source)
• Niccolò Machiavelli — Santi di Tito, Public domain (source)
• Oliver Cromwell — After Samuel Cooper, Public domain (source)
• Olof Palme — Ministerio de la Presidencia. Gobierno de España (Pool Moncloa), Attribution (source)
• Otto von Bismarck — Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain (source)
• Patrice Lumumba — Harry Pot for Anefo ), CC BY 4.0 (source)
• Peter Kropotkin — Nadar, Public domain (source)
• Pierre-Joseph Proudhon — Gustave Courbet, Public domain (source)
• Plato — Marie-Lan Nguyen, Public domain (source)
• Pol Pot — Editura Politică, Public domain (source)
• Pope John Paul II — Gregorini Demetrio, CC BY-SA 3.0 (source)
• Rachel Carson — U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Public domain (source)
• Richard Nixon — Department of Defense. Department of the Army. Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations. U.S. Army Audiovisual Center. (ca. 1974 - 05/15/1984), Public domain (source)
• Robert Nozick — Libertarian Review, Public domain (source)
• Ronald Reagan — Michael Evans, Public domain (source)
• Rosa Luxemburg — Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain (source)
• Ruhollah Khomeini — Ali Kaveh[1][2][3], Public domain (source)
• Salvador Allende — Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile, CC BY 3.0 cl (source)
• Simón Bolívar — Luis Enrique Toro Moreno (1897-1933), Public domain (source)
• Simone de Beauvoir — Moshe Milner, CC BY-SA 3.0 (source)
• Susan B. Anthony — Unknown authorUnknown author, Public domain (source)
• Ted Kaczynski — Federal Bureau of Investigation, Public domain (source)
• Theodore Roosevelt — Adam Cuerden, Public domain (source)
• Thomas Aquinas — Carlo Crivelli, Public domain (source)
• Thomas Hobbes — John Michael Wright, Public domain (source)
• Thomas Jefferson — Rembrandt Peale, Public domain (source)
• Thomas Paine — Laurent Dabos, Public domain (source)
• Thomas Sankara — The Militant/ Ernest Harsch, Public domain (source)
• Václav Havel — Kingkongphoto & www.celebrity-photos.com from Laurel Maryland, USA, CC BY-SA 2.0 (source)
• Vladimir Lenin — Unknown, presumably official, Public domain (source)
• Voltaire — Nicolas de Largillière, CC0 (source)
• William Ewart Gladstone — Samuel Alexander Walker, Public domain (source)
• Willy Brandt — Engelbert Reineke, CC BY-SA 3.0 de (source)
• Winston Churchill — Unknown, Public domain (source)
• Woodrow Wilson — Harris & Ewing, photographer, Public domain (source)