Giuseppe Garibaldi
General of Italian unification · 1807–1882
Garibaldi was a republican general whose Expedition of the Thousand conquered Sicily and Naples in 1860, contributing to Italian unification under the House of Savoy. He also fought in South America and for France in 1870, and supported many liberal and nationalist causes.
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Estimated from their documented words and actions. A simplification, not a verdict.
Handed his conquests to a unified Italian kingdom rather than pursuing a federation of states.
A republican who supported universal suffrage, though he ruled Sicily briefly as dictator in 1860.
No strong recorded view beyond the needs of his military campaigns.
Fought for independence movements abroad and attended the 1867 League of Peace and Freedom congress.
Spent his life as a guerrilla commander and general in Italy, South America and France.
No strong recorded view on immigration.
Sympathised with workers and expressed support for the First International.
No strong recorded view on economic planning.
No strong recorded view on trade.
Fiercely anticlerical, he attacked the papacy and fought to end the Papal States.
Supported abolition of slavery, women's emancipation and secular education, radical for his era.
No strong recorded view on technology.