Pan-Africanism
Pan-Africanism is a movement promoting the unity and solidarity of African peoples on the continent and in the diaspora. It grew out of opposition to slavery and colonialism and has called for political and economic integration of African states.
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Split between a strong continental government and looser union of states.
Mixed record; some leaders were democrats, others ran one-party states.
No defining position on liberty versus security.
Seeks to pool sovereignty across Africa, while asserting independence from outside powers.
Supported armed liberation struggles but favours African solidarity over conflict.
Emphasises shared African identity across many ethnic groups.
Influential strands embraced African socialism and collective ownership.
Many pan-Africanist governments pursued state-led development.
Seeks economic independence and intra-African trade over dependence on former colonisers.
Largely secular as a political movement, spanning many faiths.
Progressive on anti-colonial and racial equality, mixed on other social issues.
Favours technological development for economic independence.