Winston Churchill
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom · 1874–1965
Churchill was British prime minister during most of the Second World War and again from 1951 to 1955. A defender of the British Empire and a Conservative for most of his career, he led Britain's resistance to Nazi Germany and later warned of an iron curtain across Europe.
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Estimated from their documented words and actions. A simplification, not a verdict.
Opposed Indian self-government and defended a centrally ruled empire, though he once supported Irish Home Rule.
A lifelong parliamentarian who opposed fascism, while defending imperial rule over colonies without votes.
Approved internment of enemy aliens and wartime emergency powers in 1940.
Called for a United States of Europe after 1945 but put the British Empire and nation first.
Led Britain's war effort, served as a soldier and First Lord of the Admiralty, and saw force as central to statecraft.
Held racial-hierarchy views of empire and voiced concern about Commonwealth immigration in the 1950s.
Supported early Liberal welfare reforms but later opposed socialism and nationalisation.
Ran a planned war economy but campaigned in 1945 against Labour's peacetime planning.
Left the Conservatives in 1904 partly to defend free trade against tariff reform.
A nominal Anglican with little personal faith who still invoked Christian civilisation in speeches.
Defended tradition, monarchy and empire and opposed women's suffrage for many years.
Championed the tank, radar and scientific advisers in war.