Gaullism
Gaullism is the French political tradition shaped by Charles de Gaulle. It emphasises national independence, a strong presidency, an autonomous foreign and nuclear policy, and state-guided economic modernisation.
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Favours a strong, centralised French state.
Democratic, but built around a powerful presidency and direct referendums.
Values state authority and order.
Prioritises French sovereignty and independence from blocs.
Built an independent nuclear deterrent and values military strength.
Favours a unified republican culture.
Accepts markets alongside social programmes and worker participation.
Dirigisme: the state plans and steers key industries.
Mixed; protects strategic sectors while accepting the European common market.
Upholds French secularism while respecting Catholic heritage.
Moderately traditional on social questions.
Championed nuclear power, aerospace and high-tech national projects.