Eco-socialism
Eco-socialism argues that capitalism's drive for growth and profit is the root cause of environmental destruction. It calls for collective ownership and democratic planning of the economy to meet human needs within ecological limits.
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Leans toward local and regional control of resources, combined with wider coordination.
Most proponents favour democratic and participatory forms of planning.
Supports civil liberties while accepting firm public rules on pollution and resource use.
Treats climate and ecology as global problems requiring international cooperation.
Generally anti-militarist, linking war and arms production to environmental harm.
Supports migrants' rights, including those displaced by climate change.
Seeks collective ownership of land, energy and major industry.
Calls for democratic economic planning to keep production within ecological limits.
Favours shorter supply chains and local production over long-distance global trade.
Largely secular, though open to alliances with religious environmentalists.
Strongly progressive on social equality and justice issues.
Wary of growth-driven technology and favours restraint, though it accepts green technologies.