Kemalism
Kemalism is the founding ideology of the Republic of Turkey, associated with Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Its six principles are republicanism, nationalism, populism, statism, secularism and reformism, and it drove a rapid, state-led modernisation of Turkish society.
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Built a strongly unitary, centralised republic.
Committed to republicanism, but was implemented through one-party rule for decades.
Prioritised order and national unity, sometimes restricting dissent.
Founded on national sovereignty and independence.
The army saw itself as guardian of the republic, though Atatürk's foreign policy sought peace.
Promoted a single Turkish civic identity and language for all citizens.
Statism made the state a major owner alongside private enterprise.
Statism called for state-led industrialisation and planning.
Favoured protecting nascent national industry.
Laicism removed religion from law and placed it under state supervision.
Pushed sweeping social reforms, including women's suffrage and dress codes.
Embraced science and modernisation as national goals.