Mutualism
Mutualism is an anarchist economic theory associated with Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. It supports free markets of individuals and cooperatives, possession of land and tools based on use rather than absentee ownership, and mutual credit banks offering interest-free loans.
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Proudhon advocated federalism of autonomous communes and associations.
Favours voluntary contract and association more than majority voting.
Rejects state coercion and centralised authority.
Favours federations that transcend national states.
Generally opposes war and standing armies.
No distinctive position on immigration or cultural integration.
Accepts markets but rejects rent, interest and profit from absentee ownership.
Opposes state planning and relies on free exchange.
Favours free exchange between producers without state barriers.
Secular and critical of church authority, though not militantly atheist.
Mixed: radical on property but Proudhon held traditional views on gender.
No strong position on technology.